Summary
In today’s episode, Lori and Mai try comparing conditionals in Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, and English based on English Grammar. By listening to this episode, you will be able to see how each language approaches “conditionals” differently.
| Listen to our other episodes on language skills related topics:
➡️ Language Skills | Some tips to get from beginner to intermediate level in Japanese and Chinese
➡️ When to use 敬語 (Honorific Japanese) and タメ語 (Casual Japanese)
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🎶 BGM
● BGM: Cold Ears-Come Inside Mix by J. Lang (c) copyright 2019 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (3.0) license. http://dig.ccmixter.org/files/djlang59/59577 Ft: Stefan Kartenberg & Nickolas Nikolic, Mindmapthat
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🎶 Sound Effects
効果音ラボ
効果音ラボ – フリー、商用無料、報告不用の効果音素材をダウンロード (soundeffect-lab.info)
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©️ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
💠 The Skit
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| Lori: Mai san. It’s almost noon. How about we discuss our itinerary now? 0️⃣ 如果我不吃中餐，我會(会)很餓(饿)耶。 |
| Mai: Okay, let’s talk about it. 1️⃣ Loriさんが明日の午前中に着くなら、東京スカイツリーに直接行ってそこでお昼を食べようか。And then… Oh, wait, you’ve already booked the ticket right? You’re leaving tomorrow. |
| Lori: Hmm? Ticket? What ticket? |
| Mai: The plane ticket, of course. Don’t tell me you forgot to get the ticket!! |
| Lori: Oopsy…. I’m so sorry, Mai san… |
| Mai: え～2️⃣ 弟だったら顔殴ってるとこだよ。 |
| Lori: Oh no, what should I do? 3️⃣ 如果你一周前就問(问)我的話(话)，機(机)票我可能早就買(买)好了。 |
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| Lori: Mai san. 快中午了欸! 我们要不要现在讨论一下行程？ 0️⃣ If I don’t eat lunch, I get hungry. |
| Mai: オッケー。じゃ、それについて話そうか。1️⃣ If you arrive tomorrow morning, I can take you straight to Tokyo SkyTree and have lunch there. それから…え、待って、もうチケット予約してるよね？明日出発だもんね。 |
| Lori: 呣？票？什么票？ |
| Mai: 航空券のことに決まってるじゃん。まさか、予約し忘れたなんて言わないよね。 |
| Lori: 啊… 对不起 Mai san… |
| Mai: 2️⃣ If you were my brother, I would be punching you in the face right now. |
| Lori: 喔不… 怎么办？ 3️⃣ If you had asked me one week ago, I could have bought it already. |
💠 Sentence Patterns
0️⃣ – Zero Conditional: Present real conditionals – used for present, real/factual situations
———> 中文句型：如果… (的話)，S. + (就)會 + V.
———> 日本語条件文：Use a conditional clause ends in 「～と」「～ば」
- ✅ If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
如果你把水加热到100度C(的话)，水(就)会沸腾。
水を１００度まで加熱すると、沸騰する。 - If it rains, the ground gets wet.
如果下雨(的话)，地面(就)会湿。
雨が降ると、地面が濡れる。 - If I don’t set an alarm, I oversleep.
如果我不设闹钟(的话)，我(就)会睡过头。
目覚まし時計を設定しないと、寝坊する。
目覚まし時計を設定しなければ、寝坊する。 - If you eat too much, you get fat.
食べ過ぎると、太る。
食べ過ぎたら、太る。 - If it is cold outside, I wear a jacket.
外が寒ければ、ジャケットを着る。
1️⃣ – First Conditional: Future real conditionals – used for future real/factual situations
———> 中文句型：如果… (的話)，S. + (就)會/可以 + V.
———> 日本語条件文：Use a conditional clause ends in 「～たら」「～ば」「～なら」
- ✅ If I have time after work, I will go to the gym.
如果我下班之后有时间(的话)，我(就)会去健身房。
仕事の後時間があったら、スポーツジムに行きます。（意志 intention）
仕事の後時間があれば、スポーツジムに行きます。（意志 intention ） - 家に帰ったら、電話をください。（〇）action
家に帰れば、電話をください。（X）state - ✅ If you study hard, you can pass your exams.
如果你用功念书，你(就)可以通过考试。
一生懸命勉強したら、試験に合格できます。 - If it stops raining soon, we can go for a walk.
如果雨很快就停(的话)，我们(就)可以去散步。
2️⃣ – Second Conditional: Present unreal conditionals – used for present or future unreal, imaginary situations
———> 中文句型：如果… (的話)，S. + (就)會/可以 + V.
———> 日本語条件文：Use a conditional clause ends in 「～たら」「～ば」「～なら」
- ✅ If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.
如果我中乐透(的话)，我就会买一台新车。
もし宝くじに当たったら、新しい車を買うだろう。 - ✅ If I had more free time, I would travel the world.
如果我有更多空闲的时间(的话)，我就会环游世界。
もしもっと自由な時間があったら、世界中を旅行するだろう。 - If I were taller, I could reach the top shelf.
如果我高一点(的话)，我就可以碰得到最上层的架子。 - If I had a million dollars, I would donate some to charity.
如果我有一百万(的话)，我就会捐一些给慈善机构。 - If I spoke Spanish, I could travel more easily in South America.
如果我会说西班牙文(的话)，我就可以更轻松地在南美洲旅行了。
3️⃣ – Third Conditional: Past unreal conditionals – used for past unreal, imaginary situations
———> 中文句型：如果… (的話)，S. + 應該(应该)/可能 + V. … 了
———> 日本語条件文：Use a conditional clause ends in 「～たら」「～ば」「～なら」
- ✅ If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
如果我更用功念书(的话)，我应该就能通过考试了。
もしもっと一生懸命勉強していたら、試験に合格していただろう。 - ✅ If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have been stuck in traffic for hours.
如果我们提早离开，我们可能就不会塞车塞好几个小时了。
もしもっと早く出ていたら、私たちは渋滞に何時間もはまらなかっただろう。 - If she had listened to the weather forecast, she wouldn’t have gotten caught in the rain.
如果她有听气象预报，她可能就不会被雨淋湿了。 - If she had known the truth, she wouldn’t have married him.
如果她(早)知道真相(的话)，她就不可能会嫁给他了。 - If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
如果我(早)知道你要来(的话)，我就会先烤个蛋糕了。 - If they hadn’t missed the flight, they would have arrived on time.
如果他们没有错过班机(的话)，他们应该已经准时抵达了。 - If she had taken the job offer, she would have been promoted by now.
如果她接受了那份工作(的话)，她现在应该已经升迁了。
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